DeptName
Documents

IDNO
1601

OtherNumber
87/43/1

ItemName
Private Papers of J M T Grieve

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Papers relating to his application to be registered as a conscientious objector to National Service as a pacifist and on political grounds as a Scottish Nationalist, including his statement to the Tribunal, September 1950, the Tribunal's judgement, November 1950, and notification of medical examination, January 1952, together with cuttings from THE NATIONAL WEEKLY and THE WORD newspapers, February 1951 - August 1952, reporting on his stand and subsequent trial for failing to attend the medical.

MakerName
Grieve

Forenames
J M T

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
163

OtherNumber
Con Shelf & 99/84/1

ItemName
Private Papers of W Harrison

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Interesting set of papers providing a detailed account of his experiences as a Conscientious Objector during the First World War, beginning with his membership of the No-Conscription Fellowship (by February 1915), including his annotated copy of the Agenda for the Emergency National Convention of the NCF in April 1916 and an ms note from A Fenner Brockway, before recording in detail the process of his conscription (June 1916 - March 1917) through both the Local and Appeals Tribunals, with the answers, statements and references he presented to them alongside their official forms and circulars, to his District Courts Martial (March 1917 and November 1918) where he was twice sentenced to two years hard labour before being finally released in April 1919, together with copies of a ts memoir (28pp) giving further details of his experiences particularly of his time in Wormwood Scrubs and Newcastle prisons, transcriptions of 28 poems written whilst in prison 1917 - 1919, and a copy of the Holy Bible presented to him in 1910 and kept during his imprisonment.

MakerName
Harrison

Forenames
W

RelatedIWMItems
See full catalogue

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
2126

OtherNumber
92/49/1

ItemName
Private Papers of C Worrall

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Photocopy of a ts memoir (92pp, written in 1989) of his life from 1915 to 1975, but principally describing his youth and early manhood living and working (as an office boy and accounts clerk) in the Manchester - Sale area (1929 - 1939), the evolution of his pacifist beliefs, his experiences as a conscientious objector during 1939 - 1945, describing his initial dismissive tribunal, sacking from his job and refusal of his case, his more sympathetic, successful appeal hearing, working (and occasionally being sacked for being a CO) as an orderly in hospitals in Bristol (Winford, September 1940 - March 1942), Glamorgan (Sully, March - September 1942) and Manchester (St Mary's, Salford Royal, The Jewish and the Private Patients Home, until 1945), his post war career as a hospital administrator in Sheffield and Brighton, and discrimination against him by employers until 1950 for having been a CO. He gives a very well reasoned, non-proselytising and humanist portrayal of his political and social philosophy, and useful descriptions of his and other's tribunals, of his poorly paid hospital work and of the various attitudes of colleagues to him.

MakerName
Worrall

Forenames
C

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
2697

OtherNumber
Misc 169 (2614)

ObjectType
Miscellaneous Documents

ShortSummary
Notebook (42pp) entitled 'Persecution in England (under the Military Service Act) 1916' compiled by H J Hosmer Boorman, himself a Conscientious Objector, recording in typed statements and printed newspaper extracts instances of the brutal treatment of COs, May - October 1916, including attempts to clothe them in uniform by force, verbal and physical abuse, solitary confinement, the despatch of a group of COs to France for military detention and the death of Walter Roberts at Quarry Camp, Dyce, near Aberdeen, in September 1916.

RelatedIWMItems
See also the papers of W Harrison, who was a close friend of H J Hosmer Boorman

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
4553

OtherNumber
96/25/1

ItemName
Private Papers of C F Wright

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Ms and ts papers (85pp) relating to his pacifist beliefs, September 1929 - September 1946, including correspondence concerning his registration as a Conscientious Objector, official Tribunal and release forms, an exercise book containing press cuttings of his political correspondence with various newspapers, ts letters to and from the Peace Pledge Union, the No More War Movement, and various other pacifist organisations, and a collection of ms and ts papers (170pp), March 1939 - April 1946, relating to the origins, purchase and administration of the Kingston Community, a pacifist collective farm which he helped to set up and run 1940 - 1942, plus general commentaries on community living (15pp), ca 1940s - 1977, and a number of miscellaneous ms items concerning the peace movement and other pacifist communities (94pp), 1914 - 1985, including the Bruderhof Community, the Anglican Brotherhood of St Francis of Assisi, and the Little Commonwealth, also with the collection are photocopies (15pp) of selected CO material, a newsletter and other documents relating to the Kingston Community.

MakerName
Wright

Forenames
C F

RelatedIWMItems
See also SR (4789) and box list

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
4699

OtherNumber
80/7/1

ItemName
Private Papers of F Morel

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Ms and ts letters and forms concerning his registration as a Conscientious Objector to military service on political grounds during the Second World War, including letters sent by him to his wife from prison after he had been jailed for refusing to undergo a medical examination. The 34 items in this collection constitute a useful set of papers tracing the various stages of an application for complete exemption.

MakerName
Morel

Forenames
F

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
5251

OtherNumber
Misc 145 (2255)

ObjectType
Miscellaneous Documents

ShortSummary
Printed series of fifteen accounts (35pp), written during 1989, of the experiences of members of the Christian Pacifist Society, New Zealand (mainly Methodists) as Conscientious Objectors during the Second World War, giving excellent but brief descriptions of their treatment and frequent abuse from the authorities, civilians, fellow workers, friends and fellow Methodists, Tribunals, imprisonment (including a secret inter-camp mail service), pacifist protests, demonstrations and publication activities, and one man's service with the Friends Ambulance Unit in China.

RelatedIWMItems
See also SR (10039/5) for interview with Lindsay Crozier in 1987

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
7290

OtherNumber
76/99/1

ItemName
Private Papers of J W Harvey

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
A collection of ms letters (289pp) written home and diaries covering his service with the Friends' Ambulance Unit in France and Belgium, November 1914 - November 1915, with a relief unit for Serbians in Corsica, March 1916 - September 1917, and with Ambulance Train No 16 (FAU) in France, February 1918 - January 1919, including a number of passes and other documents relating to his service with the FAU in France and Belgium, 1914 - 1915, an important letter stating his grounds for conscientious objection to conscription, April 1916, and a letter written home from Munich about the impending war, July 1914.

MakerName
Harvey

Forenames
J W

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
7591

OtherNumber
98/5/1 & Strong Room

ItemName
Private Papers of E Alber

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Papers relating to a Jehovah's Witness and her family living in Germany during the Third Reich period, comprising: photocopies (24pp) of official correspondence in German, mostly dating from 1940, concerning her daughter's refusal to use the 'German greeting' at school and her subsequent removal from the family, her own refusal to participate in ARP work, and her husband's conscientious objection to military service (for which he was initially sentenced to death); an ms letter (1p), and photocopy of another (both undated, probably 1944 or 1945), written by her to her family from Ravensbruck concentration camp; and a photograph of the Alber family.

MakerName
Alber

Forenames
E

Style
Mrs

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
8226

OtherNumber
67/155/1 & Con Shelf

ItemName
Private Papers of W H Spray

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Ms diary (176pp), 23 October 1944 - 4 May 1945, with ts transcription (186pp), containing very good, detailed entries, if somewhat in the style of a self consciously intellectual young man, though excellently full of reflections on and descriptions of his service as a (Conscientious Objector) medical orderly with a Friends Ambulance Unit attached to a Medical Battalion of General Leclerc's 2nd Armoured Division of the French Army, particularly during the fighting in the Vosges and in Alsace, France (October 1944 - April 1945) and during the crossing of the Danube near Utting.

MakerName
Spray

Forenames
W H

RelatedIWMItems
See also SR

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
356

ProductionDate
25/Apr/1974

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Dutch, George F xxx
Salter, Alfred
Thiel, William

IndexPlaces
GB, England
GB, England & Canterbury, Kent
GB, England & Maidstone, Kent
GB, England & Maxton, Kent
GB, England & Wandsworth, London
GB, England & Dover, Kent
PL
PL & Warsaw
FR

IndexUnits
GB.O & Society of Friends & War Victims Relief Mission
GB.O & No Conscription Fellowship
GB.O & Prison, Canterbury
GB.O & Prison, Wandsworth
GB.O & Prison, Maidstone
GB.O & Prison, Dover Camp
GB.O & Prison, Maxton Camp
GB.O & Prison, Norwich Camp
GB.O & Prison, Oil Mill Camp

IndexConcepts
Anti war

ShortSummary
British civilian absolutist conscientious objector imprisoned in Canterbury, Maidstone and Wandsworth Prisons and Dover, Maxton, Oil Mill and Long Hill Camps, GB, 1916-1918. Employed as relief worker in Poland, 1919

FullSummary
REEL 1 Recollections of period as absolutist conscientious objector in Canterbury, Maidstone and Wandsworth Prisons, and Dover, Maxton, Oil Mill and Long Hill Camps 1916-1918: No Conscription Fellowship conference 1916; arrest and guardroom experiences at Maidstone and Oil Mill Barracks; incentives to join army; being dressed in uniform; relationship with guards; court martial procedure; clothing and work in Canterbury Prison.
REEL 2 Continues: prison food; vegetarian diet; sympathetic colonel at Maxton Camp; family's attitude towards pacifism; antipathetic major; refusal to wear military uniform; ordeal on cliff top.
REEL 3 Continues: soldiers' attitudes to his position; harsh treatment at Wandsworth Military Prison; refusal to parade; description of punishment cell and diet.
REEL 4 Continues: health weakened; conditions at Maidstone Prison; Central Tribunal and rejection of Home Office Scheme; absolutist versus alternativist position; experiences in Long Hill Camp guardroom including sympathetic guards and relations with other prisoners.
REEL 5 Continues: general court martial at Dover Castle and military law; conscientious objectors sent to France. Aspects of period as inmate of Wandsworth Prison: laundry work; communication; exercise; sympathetic warder; changes in prison discipline; work strike.
REEL 6 Continues: hunger strike and release from prison under 'Cat and Mouse' Act; final release on medical grounds and convalescence on Alfred Salter's farm in Kent.
REEL 7 Continues: Composition and work of Society of Friends' War Victims Relief Mission in France. Recollections of period of relief work in Poland, 1919: management of relief warehouse in Warsaw; living conditions in Poland after First World War; pilfering and hygiene.
REEL 8 Continues: organisation of Polish relief mission warehouse; workers stealing relief stores; arrest and prosecution of workers by Polish police.
REEL 9 Continues: work of relief mission; cleaning unit; problems of disease. Reflections on conscientious objectors during First World War: achievements of First World War conscientious objectors and effects on government and public; people's attitudes towards war.
REEL 10 Continues: memories of William Thiel; treatment of conscientious objectors in prison; keeping sane and cheerful in prison. Memories of Boer War and associated military pageantry.

ContextDescription
Anti-War Movement
Civilian Life And War Work, 1914-1919: Conscientious Objectors, 1914-1918

Duration
140

NumberOfParts
10

OtherFormats
Full : 55pp

MakerName
Dutch, George Frederick

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Photo 1974 in file; photo 1919 in transcript

RelatedSoundFile
000356S01.mp3
Dutch-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
485

ProductionDate
25/Jun/1974

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Littleboy, Wilfred E xxx
Chamberlain, Neville
Ayles, Walter
Hobhouse, Stephen

IndexPlaces
GB, England

IndexUnits
GB.O & Society of Friends
GB.O & Prison, Warwick Barracks
GB.O & Prison, Wormwood Scrubs
GB.O & Prison, Dorchester

IndexConcepts
Anti war

ShortSummary
British civilian absolutist conscientious objector imprisioned in Warwick Barracks, Wormwood Scrubs and Dorchester Prisons, GB, 1917-1919

FullSummary
REEL 1 Aspects of Society of Friends' concerns and activities prior to First World War: speculation about position of Friends in wartime; functions of military service tribunals.
REEL 2 Continues: Neville Chamberlain as tribunal chairman. Recollections of period as absolutist conscientious objector in Warwick Barracks, Wormwood Scrubs, London and Dorchester Prisons in GB, 1917-1919: arrest at Warwick Barracks; knowledge of treatment of other conscientious objectors; experiences at Wormwood Scrubs Prison; trust shown by military escort.
REEL 3 Continues: atmosphere at Dorchester Prison; memories of Walter Ayles; Dorchester Prison life including reading and chaplains; Wormwood Scrubs Friends' meeting; refusal of Home Office Scheme; prison work and accepting limits to freedom.
REEL 4 Continues: coping with prison life including view from window and health; communication with other pacifist prisoners; conscientious objectors' mental outlook; German prisoners' band on Armistice Day; religious conviction; Stephen Hobhouse's conscience; discharge and post-war disenfranchisement.
REEL 5 Continues: public attitude towards conscientious objectors; Dorchester Prison governor; prison visiting regulations; effect of conscientious objectors on public attitude towards war and prison reform; co-operating with prison authorities.
REEL 6 Continues: pre-war interests and activities; The Boer War; question of First World War being unexpected; relations between religious and political conscientious objectors. Second World War duties as firewatcher.

ContextDescription
Anti-War Movement
Civilian Life And War Work, 1914-1919: Conscientious Objectors, 1914-1918

Duration
90

NumberOfParts
6

OtherFormats
Full : 28pp

MakerName
Littleboy, Wilfred Ernest

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Photo in transcript

RelatedSoundFile
000485S01.mp3
Littleboy-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4581

ProductionDate
31/Jan/1980

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Mallone, Ronald S xxx
Sheppard, Dick
Crozier, Frank
Soper, Donald
Morris, Stuart
Lansbury, George
Salter, Alfred
Russell, Bertrand
Mosley, Oswald
Murry, John Middleton
Tippett, Michael

IndexPlaces
GB, England

IndexUnits
GB.O & Peace Pledge Union <PPU>
GB.O & Goldsmiths College
GB.O & Fellowship of Reconciliation <FOR>
GB.O & Political Party, Labour
GB.O & Fellowship Party
GB.O & Stop The War Movement

IndexConcepts
Anti war

ShortSummary
British civilian absolutist religious and political conscientious objector in GB, received unconditional exemption, 1940

FullSummary
REEL 1 Becoming a Christian pacifist at age fifteen. Peace activities at Goldsmiths' College: selling 'Peace News'; principal's opposition; college Peace Pledge Union Group. 1930s attitudes towards war and pacifism. Types of pacifists at college. Involvement with PPU; leaders and membership. 1936 Swanwick Camp activities; anecdotes about Dick Sheppard and Frank Crozier. Media coverage of PPU meetings; distortion of pacifist ideas. New Cross Brockley PPU branch activities; personal visits. Open air meetings; style of Donald Soper and Dick Sheppard. Dick Sheppard's ideas and effect of his death.
REEL 2 Death of Dick Sheppard. Recollections about Frank Crozier and Stuart Morris. Other peace movement leaders including George Lansbury and Alfred Salter. Vacillations of Bertrand Russell. Political pacifists' attitude towards war. Cohesion of PPU. Attitudes towards war then and now; current increase in personal aggression; peace hopes. Role of Fellowship of Reconciliation. Basis of Christian opposition to war. Founding of Anglican Pacifist Fellowship 1936.
REEL 3 Insincerity of Christians who support war. Christian basis of Mallone's pacifism. Reasons for refusing gas mask. Realisation of coming war 1938. Registration as a conscientious objector 1939. Publicising peace movement. Comments on Oswald Mosley and fascism in GB. Southampton tribunal 1940; tribunal judges. Intimidating atmosphere of tribunals especially for uneducated; comparison of attitudes towards political and religious COs.
REEL 4 Receiving unconditional exemption. Sincerity of Conscientious Objectors who attended tribunal. Tribunal questions; pacifist stance; logic of releasing others to fight. Mock tribunals. Schoolchildren's attitude towards his being a CO; dismissal from school. Exemption and needing to be prepared for the worst. Stop The War Movement activities in Eastleigh. Preaching in Methodist churches. Public attitudes towards COs during blitz period. Effects of being a CO on career. Wartime teaching experiences. PPU wartime communities for COs' families.
REEL 5 Opinion of John Middleton Murry as editor of 'Peace News'. Mallone's Christian pacifist pamphlets. Media censorship of barrage balloon knocked down over Eastleigh, Hants. Comments on Michael Tippett. School air raid precautions. Belief in principle of not freeing someone else to support war effort. Post-war disillusionment with Labour Party. Formation of Fellowship Party. Nature of British pacifism as compared with other countries'. Need for active pacifism.

ContextDescription
Anti-War Movement

Duration
140

NumberOfParts
5

OtherFormats
Full : 70pp

MakerName
Mallone, Ronald Stephen

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
004581S01.mp3
004581S02.mp3
004581S03.mp3
Mallone-warandpeace.mp3
Mallone-truthandpropaganda.mp3
Mallone2-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
PeaceProtestsAndDemonstration
ConscientiousObjectors
Censorship

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4652

ProductionDate
27/Jun/1980

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Norman, Frank F xxx

IndexPlaces
GB, England

IndexUnits
GB.O & Peace Pledge Union
GB.O & Prison, Lewes
GB.O & Prison, Wormwood Scrubs

IndexConcepts
Anti war

ShortSummary
British civilian absolutist religious conscientious objector imprisoned in Lewes Prison, Sussex, and Wormwood Scrubs Prison, London 1942

FullSummary
REEL 1 Family background in Sussex; Quaker influences. Death of brother in First World War. Employment, courtship, wife's illness and death of child. Influences on development of anti-war stance. Signing Peace Pledge. Religious influence on non-violence. Knowledge of First World War British propaganda. Realisation of coming war; decision to be a conscientious objector.
REEL 2 Leaving reserved occupation. London tribunals refusing exemption 1941-42. Self-employed work. Arrest for refusing call-up; treatment at Brighton police station. Receiving six month prison sentence 1942. Brother-in-law's attitude. Journey to Lewes Prison; treatment on arrival; prison work; cell conditions; visitors. Views on alternative service. State of mind in prison. Journey to Wormwood Scrubs; attitude of guards. Receiving exemption from third tribunal.
REEL 3 Living conditions at Wormwood Scrubs; state of mind. Daily routine at Lewes Prison including food, blackout and cell conditions. Discharge and return to Brighton. Incidents illustrating neighbours' hostility. Firewatching and attitude of colleagues. Thoughts on sheltering from air raids. Isolation of position. Obtaining employment. Choosing Christ over country.
REEL 4 Power of love of God. Overcoming fascism with pacifism and love. Attitude towards use of violence. Effect of wife's poor health on post-war career. Her death 1962; second marriage. Certainty of rightness of CO stand. Attitude towards daughter's death 1944. Effects of CO stand on life today.

ContextDescription
Anti-War Movement

Duration
120

NumberOfParts
4

OtherFormats
Full : 59pp

MakerName
Norman, Frank Frederick

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
Norman-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4746

ProductionDate
5/Sep/1980

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Bryan, Alexander xxx

IndexPlaces
GB, England
DE

IndexUnits
GB.O & Society of Friends
GB.O & Peace Pledge Union
GB.O & University, Sheffield
GB.O & Friends Relief Service
GB.O & Prison, Strangeways
GB.O & Prison, Wandsworth
GB.O & Prison, Wormwood Scrubs

IndexConcepts
Anti war
North

ShortSummary
British civilian student and activist in Peace Pledge Union 1938, alternativist religious conscientious objector imprisoned in Strangeways Prison, Manchester and Wandsworth and Wormwood Scrubs Prisons, London 1942, and involved in welfare work, 1942-1947

FullSummary
REEL 1 Family background in York. Father's First World War experiences and other influences on his pacifism. Life at Sheffield University 1938; move away from Methodism, development of pacifism. Joining Peace Pledge Union. Reasons for refusing gas mask. Pacifist conviction before outbreak of war. Reaction amongst students to introduction of conscription 1939. University life during early months of war, attending Society of Friends' meetings and crystallisation of thought. University ban on PPU meetings.
REEL 2 Change in university colleagues' attitude towards him. Realistic advice about tribunal from professor. Uncertain state of mind. Registering as conscientious objector 1940. Leeds tribunal: effect of Young Friends' letter; exemption refused. Appellate tribunal and conditional exemption for non-combatant duties. CO organisation in Sheffield. Hostile attitude of university warden.
REEL 3 Decision to remain at university; sympathetic attitude of dean. Relief work during Sheffield air raids. Voluntary farm work; being exploited by Quaker farmer. Return to university. Court summons and refusing medical. Professor's sympathetic attitude. Arrest March 1941; sentence from magistrates court. Transportation to Strangeways Prison, Manchester. Family's support. University career and being awarded degree 1946.
REEL 4 Reception at Strangeways; routine and food. Work as landing cleaner. Strict discipline and boring routine. Obtaining extra rations. Writing secretly. Being locked in cell during air raids. Lack of contact with other prisoners. Discharge procedure. Decision not to return to university. Effects of prison experience. Joining Friends' training centre, Spicelands, in Devon.
REEL 5 Adjusting to Spicelands and training received. Realisation of future imprisonment. Devon gardening work. Reaction to notice to attend medical. Work in TB sanatorium: poor staff conditions and exploitation of COs. Work of COs in St David's Home, Ealing for disabled ex-servicemen. Attitude towards compulsory firewatching. Refusal to register for civil defence work September 1941; realisation of implications of stance.
REEL 6 Praise for work at Ealing. Summons April 1942; prison sentence. Advance preparations for appeal tribunal; receiving conditional exemption. Mistakenly being sent to Wandsworth Prison; grim conditions and atmosphere. Friend's visit. CO population in Wormwood Scrubs; relaxed atmosphere. Inactivity and loneliness of prison; reading. Discrimination against COs by York council. Reasons for accepting conditional exemption. Work at Church Army hostel for delinquent boys 1942-43.
REEL 7 Desire not to contribute to war effort through tax. Teaching in approved school 1943; dislike of harsh discipline and teaching methods. Welfare officer work 1945. Interest in journalism. War degree. Training for Friends' Relief Service 1945; modifying army equipment. Relief work with children and elderly in Solingen 1946.
REEL 8 Cutback of relief services in Germany 1947; importance of work for reconciliation. Attitude of military towards relief workers. Concepts of patriotism and country. Personal effects of CO experience and imprisonment. Struggle of individual against state power. Attitude towards imprisoned Jehovah's Witness. Feeling part of anti-war movement while in prison. Role of established church in peace and war. Concern for peace today; pessimism at world situation.

ContextDescription
Civilian Life And War Work Since 1945
Anti-War Movement

Duration
230

NumberOfParts
8

OtherFormats
None

MakerName
Bryan, Alexander

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Another interview on SR 11796

RelatedSoundFile
004746S01.mp3
004746S02.mp3
Bryan-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4761

ProductionDate
17/Sep/1980

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Wigham, Kathleen xxx
Bancroft, Nora
Maxton, Madeleine
Brockway, Fenner
Sheppard, Dick
Derbyshire, Ronald
Sutherland, George
Upperton, Edgar
Iveson, Stan
Barton, Fred
Brown, Vipont
Stevenson, Ronald
Walker, Roy

IndexPlaces
GB, England

IndexUnits
GB.O & Spiritualist Church
GB.O & Peace Pledge Union
GB.O & Prison, Strangeways
GB.O & Central Board for Conscientious Objectors

IndexConcepts
Anti war
Evacuee
Refugee

ShortSummary
British civilian absolutist religious pacifist imprisoned in Strangeways Prison, Manchester 1942, adviser with Central Board for Conscientious Objectors and voluntary work with evacuee children, 1939-1945

FullSummary
REEL 1 Family background in Blackburn, Lancashire. Childhood influences on pacifism. Parents' help for First World War conscientious objectors; death of a CO. Pacifist outlook of Spiritualist Church. Disappointment at Spiritualist leader's enlistment in armed services. Attraction to Quakers. Influential spiritual instruction by Nora Bancroft. Basis of Kathleen Wigham's pacifist belief. Opportunity for further education at Hillcroft College, Surbiton. Living with Madeliene Maxton. Naturopath nephritis cure.
REEL 2 Mother's refusal to let her participate in Empire Day. Recollections about Dick Sheppard and Fenner Brockway. Members leaving Peace Pledge Union. Quaker husband's ambivalent attitude towards war. Work for Central Board for Conscientious Objectors. Experiences as Spiritualist medium for drowning sailor from submarine Thesis. Brother, Ronald Derbyshire's exemption by tribunal. Change in tribunals' leniency as war progressed. Family conflict over pacifism.
REEL 3 Family conflict over pacifist issues. Registering as a CO to industrial conscription. Atmosphere and procedure of Blackburn tribunal 1942. Efforts to induce her to pay fine. Last visit with mother. Expectations of prison. Conditions at Strangeways Prison: reception; procedure; atmosphere; behaviour of warders; medical examination; clothing; building and cells. Attempting to obtain personal requisites. Difficulty obtaining vegetarian diet.
REEL 4 Prison menus, bathing and morale. Prisoners' fear during air raids. Inadequacies of prison hygiene. Doctor and warders' negative attitude towards vegetarianism. Kindness of prison hospital matron. Work in prison hospital. Meeting with Quaker prison visitor George Sutherland. Attending Quaker service in male wing of Strangeways: warder's attitude; recollections about Vipont Brown, Edgar Upperton, Stan Iveson and Fred Barton.
REEL 5 Description of prison hospital and patients. Attitude of prisoners towards imprisonment. Mental state in prison and longterm effects of imprisonment. Crude behaviour of prisoners. Inhumanity of prison. Reception and celebrations on release; recollections about Vipont Brown. Questioning at second tribunal and mother's outburst.
REEL 6 Tribunal's reluctant grant of unconditional exemption. Work with CBCO including help for Ronald Stevenson's mother. Public treatment of COs; recollections about Roy Walker. Father's refusal to support false CO. Differing attitudes of friends towards her CO stand; receiving white feather. Value of emotional support. Voluntary work with evacuee children.
REEL 7 Voluntary work with evacuee children. Ambivalent feelings about air raid shelters. Dismissal for refusing to wear gas mask. Pacifist dilemma about use of force. Views on post-war peace movement.

ContextDescription
Anti-War Movement

Duration
202

NumberOfParts
7

OtherFormats
Full : 73pp

MakerName
Wigham, Kathleen

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Female

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
004761S01.mp3
004761S02.mp3
004761S03.mp3
Wigham-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
9133

ProductionDate
28/Oct/1985

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexObjects
song : Twenty tons of TNT
song : Don't be heavy on Africa
song : Requiem for the living
song : Perelandra
song : Pilgrims' hymn of peace, truth and unity
poem : Letter 269

IndexPeople
Swann, Donald I xxx
Lansbury, George
Soper, Donald

IndexPlaces
GB, England
EG
PI
GR

IndexUnits
GB.O & Friends Ambulance Unit

IndexConcepts
Anti war
Medical services

ShortSummary
British civilian conscientious objector served with Friends Ambulance Unit in GB, Middle East and Greece; includes anti-war poems and songs

ContextDescription
Anti-War Movement
Music: Second World War
Poetry: Second World War

Duration
420

NumberOfParts
14

OtherFormats
Full : 171pp

MakerName
Swann, Donald Ibrahim

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Photographs
Further interview with and songs by D Swann on SR 9941
Photographs in Photograph Archive HU 49958-HU 49959

RelatedSoundFile
Swan-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
10 July 2007

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
9233

ProductionDate
1986-02-17

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Parker, Tony xxx

IndexPlaces
GB, England

IndexUnits
GB.O & Bradford Colliery, Manchester

IndexConcepts
Anti war

ShortSummary
British civilian conscientious objector worked as coal miner at Bradford Colliery, Lancashire, GB, 1942-1943

FullSummary
REEL 1: Background in Manchester, GB, 1923-1939: family; father’s library and self-education; development of anti-war and anti-establishment views; political influences; employment in father’s second-hand bookshop; development of pacifist views; attendance at anti-war movement meetings; attitude of friends to pacifist beliefs on outbreak of war, 9/1939; contacts with other conscientious objectors, Aspects of period in Manchester, 1939-1941: description of duties with Civil Defence; effect of bombing and casualties on pacifist beliefs; attitude to patriotism and jingoism; memories of working class customers in father’s bookshop; influence of Donald Soper, Max Plowman, Middleton Murray, Fenner Brockway and Ghandi; story of Peace Pledge and Dick Sheppard.
REEL 2 Continues: description of registration as conscientious objector and tribunal, 1941; type of questions and answers; result of tribunal; opinion of members of panel; attitude of pacifists to authority; effect of First World War on pacifist beliefs; story of Oxford undergraduate at tribunal; description of further tribunal and result; reason for choosing employment in coal mine; reaction of father and girlfriend to decision; attitude to wartime propaganda. Aspects of period as miner at Bradford Colliery, Manchester, 1942-1943: reaction to first experience of manual labour; question of being only conscientious objector in mine and relations with other miners; description of training and lectures; story of young miner and poetry.
REEL 3 Continues: attitude to working in coal mine; description of working conditions; attitude of other miners to conscientious objectors; development of political conscience while working in mine; attitude to sense of community and interdependence in mining industry; accidents and safety precautions in mines; question of work not stopping during air raids; physical effect of work as miner; description of working in mine; solidarity of miners; attitude of miners to wartime propaganda; relations with other miners; working conditions in mine including shift system and daily routine.
REEL 4 Continues: description of work as miner; shift system; accommodation; pithead baths; attitude of father to work as miner; comments on Bevin Boys; description of accident in mine and nature of injuries; story of being turned down for employment in market garden due to agnosticism; returned to work in father’s bookshop; story of friendship with conscientious objector George Holland; comparison of treatment of conscientious objectors in First and Second World Wars; opinion of Quakers; question of relative ease of exemption for Quakers and communists; common beliefs among different categories of pacifists; reaction to dropping of atomic bombs on Japan, 8/1945.
REEL 5 Continues: Post-war life and employment: attitude to development of nuclear weapons; links between CND and pacifists; attitude to violence; opinion of effectiveness of United Nations; attitude to joining organisations and campaigning for peace movement; strength of belief among conscientious objectors; reflections on wartime period as conscientious objector.

ContextDescription
Anti-War Movement

Duration
150

NumberOfParts
5

OtherFormats
Full : 52pp

MakerName
Parker, Tony

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Photos (1942, 1985) in typescript
Newspaper photo in file

RelatedSoundFile
009233S01.mp3
Parker-warandpeace.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
23 March 2009

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Exhibits

IDNO
EPH 2284

ItemName
poppy

ObjectType
misc

IndexPeople
Wood, A E (Ms)

IndexUnits
GB.O & Peace Pledge Union

IndexHistPeriod
Interwar

FullSummary
The poppy was issued pre-1939 by the Peace Pledge Union and belonged to Ms. A. E. Wood who was a conscientious objector. Her Conscientious Objector's tribunal statement and registration card are held in the Department of Documents.

RelatedIWMItems
DOCS

RelatedImageFile
EPH_002284.jpg

Weighting
1000
900

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

UncatTransferDate
16/11/2006 05:50:08

URLEncodedDeptName
Exhibits

FormatDescription
metal centre with 'PEACE' embossed in the centre, with fake green buds above and surrounded by white cloth, with a metal pin on the reverse.

Access
On display at IWM North

Theme
Anti-War Movement

CoLStatus
Published

DigitalAsset
Y

IWMImageOwned
Y

DeptName
Film

IDNO
IWM 1096

ProductionDate
4/8/1964

ItemName
PITY OF WAR [Main]
CONTRASTS [series]

IndexPeople
Owen, Wilfred E S
Day Lewis, Cecil

ShortSummary
C Day Lewis gives a short account of the life of the First World War poet Wilfred Owen.

FullSummary
Details of Owen's early years, middle-class family background, childhood in Birmingham, and bookishness. First employment, as vicar's assistant in Oxfordshire - his "passionate indignation" at conditions in rural slums. Later, teaching in France, witnessed horrors of French wartime hospital. Returned to England in l915 to enlist, sent back to France l917 - matured as war poet in the trenches. Invalided with battle fatigue, met Siegfried Sassoon, returned to front. Killed in action 1918, one week before the Armistice. Accompanying Lewis's narrative are readings from Owen's verse - including "Anthem For Doomed Youth", "Spring Offensive", "The Send-Off", "Exposure", "The Show", "Futility", "Dulce et Decorum Est" (extract) and "Disabled" - and letters. The film is illustrated by photographs of Owen and his family, contemporary stills and occasional dramatised footage (eg scenes of man in wheelchair accompanying the reading of "Disabled").

ContextDescription
Credits: Imperial War Museum is credited as supplying "film and photographic material"
Title: this is taken from Owen's own description of his work - "... above all, I am not concerned with poetry. My subject is war, and the pity of war. The poetry is in the pity..."

Duration
21 mins

Format
P 1/16/A

Colour
B&W

Sound
comopt

NumberOfParts
1

Dimensions
777 ft

ProductionCompany
BBC

ProductionTeam
Bond, Jack: director
Bilton, Kenneth: film editor
Caravel Films: rostrum camera
Taylor, Tom: graphic designer

ProductionCast
Lewis, C Day: presenter
Dobie, Alan: narrator [poems]
Wyngarde, Peter: narrator [poems]
Barron, Keith: narrator [letters]

ProductionCountry
GB

Language
English

LanguageMainTitles
English

LanguageSubtitles
None

Weighting
500

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:20:43

URLEncodedDeptName
Film

Access
NON-IWM: PROJECTION PRINT ONLY - NOT FOR PRODUCTION USE

DeptName
Printed Books

IDNO
75942

ProductionDate
1967

ItemName
How to stay out of the Army
a guide to your rights under the draft law

SubTitle
2nd rev ed

IndexPlaces
USA
Vietnam

IndexConcepts
army, exemption from military service
conscientious objection
draft-dodging
compulsory systems for acquiring manpower for the military
army, national service
army, the draft
army, call up
army, impressment
army, compulsory systems for acquiring manpower
war in vietnam 1955-1975
vietnam war
military administration, organisation and law
military law
law, military
society and the military
military administration, organisation and law
military law
law, military
military operations
campaigns, military
warfare (conventional)
battles

IndexHistPeriod
October 1945 to end of Vietnam War, 1975

FullSummary
[Printed materials]
Pbk

ContextDescription
Pbk

NumberOfParts
130p.

Dimensions
18

MakerName
Conrad J. Lynn

MakerInfo
LYNN, CONRAD J.

ProductionCompany
M R Press

ProductionCountry
New York

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

UncatTransferDate
11/09/2007 05:50:28

URLEncodedDeptName
PrintedBooks

DeptName
Printed Books

IDNO
58799

ProductionDate
1968

ItemName
Conscription
a world survey
compulsory military service and resistance to it

IndexPlaces
Place in general
The world

IndexConcepts
military recruitment
army, recruitment
military discharge
army, discharge
military reserve service
army, reserve service
conscientious objection
draft-dodging
military administration, organisation and law
military law
law, military
society and the military

IndexHistPeriod
General, 1900 to the present day

FullSummary
[Printed materials]

NumberOfParts
xi, 166p.

Dimensions
23

MakerName
edited by Devi Prasad, Tony Smythe

MakerInfo
CONSCRIPTION
PRASAD, DEVI
SMYTHE, TONY

ProductionCompany
War Resisters' International

ProductionCountry
London

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:47:44

URLEncodedDeptName
PrintedBooks

DeptName
Printed Books

IDNO
80 / 3503

OtherNumber
0-903729-06-7

ProductionDate
1975

ItemName
Dissent and ideology in Israel
resistance to the draft 1948-1973

IndexPlaces
Israel
Palestine (to 1948)
Israel
Palestine (to 1948)

IndexConcepts
conscientious objection
draft-dodging
collective biography of ex-servicemen and foreign soldiers
biographical dictionaries
society and the military
biography, collective
genealogy

IndexHistPeriod
October 1945 to end of Vietnam War, 1975

FullSummary
[Printed materials]

NumberOfParts
194 pages, 10 pages of plates
ill., 4 maps

Dimensions
23

MakerName
edited by Martin Blatt, Uri Davis [and] Paul Kleinbaum
introduction by Noam Chomsky

MakerInfo
BLATT, MARTIN
DAVIS, URI
KLEINBAUM, PAUL

ProductionCompany
Ithaca Press for Housemans Bookshop, Merag [and] The Lansbury House Trust Fund

ProductionCountry
London

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:47:44

URLEncodedDeptName
PrintedBooks

ISBN
0-903729-06-7

DeptName
Printed Books

IDNO
81 / 3188

ProductionDate
n.d. (1981 printing)

ItemName
The composition of the anti-war movement in France in World War One
[2 volumes]

IndexPlaces
France
France

IndexConcepts
political history
pressure groups
conscientious objection
draft-dodging
pacifist ideology
pacifism
political history
society and the military
philosophy

IndexHistPeriod
First World War

FullSummary
[Printed materials]
"A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1975"

ContextDescription
"A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1975"

NumberOfParts
2 vols. (742 leaves)

Dimensions
22

MakerName
by Marvin Howard Kabakoff

MakerInfo
KABAKOFF, MARVIN HOWARD
UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS

ProductionCompany
University Microfilms International

ProductionCountry
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:47:44

URLEncodedDeptName
PrintedBooks

FormatDescription
leaves 730-742

DeptName
Printed Books

IDNO
85 / 510

ProductionDate
1940

ItemName
The autobiography of a German rebel

IndexPlaces
Germany
Germany, pre 1945 and post 1990

IndexConcepts
political history
political parties
conscientious objection
draft-dodging
political history
german politics, events
german revolution 1918
political history
german politics, events
kapp putsch 1920
political history
german politics
political parties
sozialdemokratische partei deutschlands
social democratic party of germany
political history
german politics
political parties
unabhangige sozialdemokratische partei deutschlands
autobiography, individual
personal experiences
political history
society and the military
[ Sender, Toni]
biographies
autobiographies
diaries
letters

IndexHistPeriod
General, 1900 to the present day
1919 to end of August 1939
First World War

FullSummary
[Printed materials]

NumberOfParts
xii, 305p.
frontis.

Dimensions
21

MakerName
Toni Sender
with a preface by the Rt. Hon. Herbert Morrison

MakerInfo
SENDER, TONI
LABOUR BOOK SERVICE

ProductionCompany
The Labour Book Service

ProductionCountry
London

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
ConscientiousObjectors

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:47:44

URLEncodedDeptName
PrintedBooks