DeptName
Documents

IDNO
2759

OtherNumber
86/44/1

ItemName
Private Papers of O D Gander

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Ms diary, in two bound volumes (189pp and 135pp), kept by him from January 1942 to August 1945 and recording in closely observed detail the Japanese occupation of the International Settlement in Shanghai, conditions and life there with increasing Japanese regulations and restrictions, the question of repatriation of Allied civilians/diplomats (rumours of which permeate the whole diary) and his and his family's lives as civilian internees in the 'civilian assembly centres' at Yangchow B (March - September 1943) and Pootung (until August 1945). He describes their organisation and democratic self-government, schooling, medical facilities, entertainments, food and finance (including Red Cross supplies of both), prices, bartering, the black market and shortages, social aspects and relations with the Japanese and also refers to escapes from other camps, the keeping of dogs in camp (June 1945), the gradual progress towards Japan's surrender and a demand by the Japanese (8 May 1945) for the surrender of internees' title to property in Shanghai, as well as giving a complete list (pp116-121) of all internees in Yangchow B and statistics for the population of Pootung camp. Gander had lived in Shanghai, where he was a member of the Chinese Maritime Customs, since 1915.

MakerName
Gander

Forenames
O D

RelatedIWMItems
See also the papers of Miss E Gander (86/44/1) and DPH DOC 113-114

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
1439

OtherNumber
87/25/1

ItemName
Private Papers of C H Baker

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Photocopy of a ts memoir (316pp) describing his life from 1911 to the 1980s including childhood in Hertfordshire (1911 - 1918), work as an office junior with J A Wattie and Co in London (until 1935) and Java (1935 - 1942), service as a liaison/intelligence officer there on Wavell's staff (February - March 1942), his experiences during the Japanese invasion and occupation (February - October 1942) and as an internee (Malang, Soekamiskin, Tjimahi and Baros III camps, 1942 - 1945), repatriation via Singapore and post-war reacclimatisation in England. He quotes extensively from his (Dutch) wife's diary covering her internment in Java (Batoe, Tana Tinggih, Tangerang and Tjideng camps 1942 - 1945), and gives very useful information about the approach of war in the Far East, his service under Wavell, the Japanese invasion and administration of Java, Japanese treatment of civilians and local natives, his experience of six months in solitary confinement following the 'double tenth' (1943), conditions and social problems in camp especially between Dutch and British internees, the arrival of relief, finding his wife again, talking with the Mountbattens after the surrender and re-adjustment to normal life. Also with a photocopy of music transcribed in the camps and a linen map (1:1,000,000) of Java, Sumatra and Borneo.

MakerName
Baker

Forenames
C H

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
1995

OtherNumber
92/32/1

ItemName
Private Papers of H W Luttman-Johnson

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Most interesting collection of papers relating mainly to his activities as Secretary of the pro-Fascist January Club in the mid-1930s and to his internment under Defence Regulation 18B during the Second World War, comprising: some 140 letters dated between 1933 and the late 1940s concerning the January and Windsor Clubs and pro-Fascist politics, among the more notable correspondents being Sir Oswald Mosley, William Joyce and other BUF leaders, T E Lawrence, Sir John Squire, Sir Charles Petrie, Admiral Sir Barry Domvile, Archibald Ramsay and Major General J F C Fuller; 16 ms letters (91pp) written by Luttman-Johnson whilst in Brixton and Stafford Prisons in 1940, and other family correspondence; his ms diary (230pp) for 1937 - 1940; together with several photographs taken during a January Club debate, and various pamphlets and other publications.

MakerName
Luttman-Johnson

Forenames
H W

Style
Captain

RelatedIWMItems
See full catalogue

RelatedTextFile
HWLuttmanJohnson.doc

Weighting
500

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
2926

OtherNumber
84/30/1

ItemName
Private Papers of C P Ambler

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Ms diary letter (245pp), with edited and illustrated ts transcript (105pp), written between May 1942 and August 1945 by a sharebroker to his wife in Australia, with irregular but lively and detailed entries, covering his internment in Singapore in Changi gaol (March 1942 - April 1944) and Sime Road camp (May 1944 - August 1945) and with many interesting references to the deficiencies in their diet and the consequent ill health of the internees, overcrowding and the shortcomings of their accommodation, hopes and rumours of exchange and repatriation, the long delays in the issue and despatch of their personal correspondence by the Japanese, his employment on garden fatigues, the monotony of prison life and his ways of alleviating it and his frustration at his long separation from his family; also with good accounts of the brief meetings with the women internees in the camps on Christmas Day in 1942 and 1944 and comments on the ill-treatment by the Japanese of the internees arrested on the 'Double Tenth', 10 October 1943.

MakerName
Ambler

Forenames
C P

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
6355

OtherNumber
Misc 188 (2843)

ObjectType
Miscellaneous Documents

ShortSummary
Anonymous illustrated ts account (38pp), written during the Second World War, describing the administration of 'P' Camp, Douglas, Isle of Man, with very useful details of the arrival of the first internees in July 1940, the facilities in the camp, internees' organisation, educational and cultural activities, and other matters.

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
7955

OtherNumber
98/21/1

ItemName
Private Papers of W C Duncan

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Ts transcription (94pp, with additional illustrative material) of his well-written and informative memoir (containing few references to dates) describing the German occupation of Copenhagen in April 1940, his arrest and internment initially in a camp at Hald (Denmark) and subsequently in Ilag XIII (Wulzburg Castle, Bavaria) where he acted as camp leader, Ilag VIII (Tost, Upper Silesia), and Ilag VIIIZ (Kreuzburg), describing general conditions in these camps with particular reference to the internees' self-organisation, contacts with the camp personnel and local inhabitants, and the lively cultural life at Kreuzburg (including cultural exchanges with the nearby prisoner of war camp at Lamsdorf), his eventual release in the summer of 1944 and repatriation via the French internment camp at Vittel.

MakerName
Duncan

Forenames
W C

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
8056

OtherNumber
Con Shelf

ItemName
Private Papers of R Sauter

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Five ms letters (18pp) written to his wife between August 1918 and ?1919 while he was an internee in Alexandra Palace camp, north London, and Frith Hill camp at Frimley, Surrey, describing (in rather flowery language) his accommodation in the camps, his fellow internees, their reactions to news of the Armistice in November 1918 and prospective return to Germany, and his own thoughts on the war and on the separation from his family (Rudolf Sauter was a nephew of the novelist John Galsworthy, and a writer and artist of some repute).

MakerName
Sauter

Forenames
R

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
9789

OtherNumber
P324

ItemName
Private Papers of D Joyce

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Ts account (270pp), written ca 1974, of her experiences while interned in Stanley camp, Hong Kong between December 1941 and August 1945, based on her diaries and a double bed sheet that she embroidered with 1100 names and other details during her captivity. The memoir describes the overcrowding in the camp, the often inedible and insufficient food and the continual hunger, the physical and mental effects on the internees of these conditions, the deterioration in her own appearance and the various illnesses that she suffered from during her internment; and her assessment of how her internment influenced her attitudes in later life.

MakerName
Joyce

Forenames
D

Style
Mrs

RelatedIWMItems
See full catalogue and DCAR (DEAF)

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Documents

IDNO
11786

OtherNumber
02/42/1

ItemName
Private Papers of E V Stibbe

ObjectType
Private Papers

ShortSummary
Privately printed ts edition of his First World War reminiscences (27pp), compiled shortly after the war and originally printed in March 1919, giving an articulate and often humorous account of his experience of the outbreak of war in August 1914 while resident (as a British subject) in Chemnitz, Germany, the varied reactions of German acquaintances to the event and their attitudes towards him, his arrest as an 'enemy alien' and initial confinement in Chemnitz before being transferred to Ruhleben camp near Berlin, describing conditions and notable events in Ruhleben, the effects of the 'November Revolution' of 1918 in the camp and in Berlin generally, and his repatriation to England shortly thereafter.

MakerName
Stibbe

Forenames
E V

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
published

UncatTransferDate
23/06/2006 12:46:31

URLEncodedDeptName
Documents

Access
Unrestricted

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
3790

ProductionDate
18/Dec/1978

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Johnson, Peter W xxx
Josephs, Wolfgang xxx
Scott, W P
Layton, Julian D

IndexPlaces
GB, England
DE
AU

IndexUnits
GB.O & Internment Camp, Australia, Hay
GB.O & International Friendship League
GB.A & Royal Pioneer Corps

IndexConcepts
Holocaust
Refugee
Anti semitism
Internee

ShortSummary
German Jewish civilian businessman emigrated to GB in 1933, worked in fur trade 1933-1940; interned 1940 and transported on Dunera to Hay Camp, Australia, 1940-1941; returned to GB and served in 220 Coy Pioneer Corps, 1941-1944; served with Control Commission in Germany, 1945

ContextDescription
Britain and the Refugee Crisis, 1933-1947

Duration
280

NumberOfParts
10

OtherFormats
None

MakerName
Johnson, Peter William

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Letters and papers - Dept of Docs

RelatedSoundFile
003790S01.mp3
Johnson-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British
German

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
3839

ProductionDate
1978-09-07

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Teddern, Clive xxx
Hansfstaengl, Ernst

IndexPlaces
GB, England
GB, Scotland
GB, Scotland & Edinburgh
DE
DE & Hamburg
CA
CA & Nipigon
CA & Quebec

IndexUnits
GB.O & Internment Camp, Lingfield Racecourse
GB.O & Ship, Duchess of York
CA.O & Internment Camp, Camp R, Nipigon
CA.O & Internment Camp, Camp N, Quebec

IndexConcepts
Refugee
Anti semitism
Evacuee
Holocaust
Internee

ShortSummary
German Jewish civilian schoolchild emigrated from Hamburg, Germany to GB on Kindertransport, 1939; internee in Lingfield Racecourse Internment Camp in GB, 1940; internee in Camp R Internment Camp, Nipigon and Camp N Internment Camp, Quebec in Canada, 1940-1941; private served with Pioneer Corps in GB, 1942-1943

FullSummary
REEL 1 Aspects of emigration as schoolchild on Kindertransport from Germany to GB, 1939: emigration on Kindertransport; question of parent’s escaping from Hamburg, Germany. Aspects of period as refugee in Edinburgh, GB, 1939-1940: life with Jewish host family; reaction to declaration of Second World War, 9/1939; lack of hostility from school friends; attending tribunal and ‘enemy alien’ classification; contact with other refugees. Recollections of period as internee in GB, 1940: reaction to arrest, 5/1940; organisation and treatment of internees; journey to London.
REEL 2 Continues: accommodation and treatment in Edinburgh and at Scotland Yard; reception at Lingfield Racecourse Internment Camp; types of people interned; German merchant seamen and Ernst Hanfstaengl; accommodation; attitude to internment; living conditions; provision of kosher food; hostility of Nazis in camp; journey to Liverpool and hostility of inhabitants. Aspects of voyage aboard Duchess of York from GB to Canada, 7/1940: embarkation on board; constant threat of interned Nazis; conditions on board; arrival at Quebec. Recollections of period as internee at Camp R Internment Camp, Nipigon, Canada, 1940-1941: arrival at camp.
REEL 3 Continues: working in camp kitchen; initial chaotic conditions; segregation of types of internees; living conditions; size of Jewish group; attempted escapes; internee pastimes and medical care; relations with Canadian guards; memories of individual internees including criminals and those psychologically effected by internment; lack of privacy; letter writing.
REEL 4 Continues: camp activities including classes, bathing and laundry; homosexual couple; location of camp and lack of contact with outside world; story of an escape from camp; role of camp representatives; political, ethnic and intellectual groups; unimportance of class; incidents of interned Nazis attacking doctors in camp hospital and Nazi cooks providing bacon for Jewish internees; Canadian authorities’ lack of understanding of situation; hearing of early internee releases.
REEL 5 Continues: journey from Camp R to Camp N at Quebec, 1/1941. Recollections of period as internee in Camp N Internment Camp, Canada, 1941: arrival at camp; description of strictly organised camp accommodation; working for pay in camp; camp facilities; regulations regarding living conditions; types of work and spending pay; playing ice hockey; availability of food; speaking German in camp; relations between Austrians and German internees; use of tribunals to resolve trivial personal conflicts; interview with Sir Alexander Paterson; advantages of being non-smoker; currency in camps.
REEL 6 Continues: Orthodox Jewish group; prior recollection of Christmas at Camp R. Aspects of period as private with Pioneer Corps in GB, 1942-1943: reasons for enlistment; hearing that parents had been sent to Theresienstadt Concentration Camp, 1943; learning of fate of parents in Auschwitz, 1945; changing name on enlistment in British Army; return to GB, 1941; enlistment in Pioneer Corps, 1942. Reflections on period as internee in GB and Canada, 1940-1941: memories of internees in Canadian camps; effect of internment of young internees; effect of internment on post-war career.

ContextDescription
Refugees

Duration
180

NumberOfParts
6

OtherFormats
Full: 65pp

MakerName
Teddern, Clive

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
British Army uniform and other items held by Department of Exhibits and Firearms

RelatedSoundFile
003839S01.mp3
Teddern-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
12 May 2009

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
German

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
3936

ProductionDate
5/May/1978

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Fliess, Walter xxx

IndexPlaces
GB, England
DE
AU

IndexUnits
GB.O & Merchant Navy & Ship, Dunera
GB.O & Merchant Navy & Ship, Arandora Star
GB.O & Internment camp & Australia, Hay

IndexConcepts
Refugee
Anti-semitism
Holocaust
Internee

ShortSummary
German civilian owner and manager of vegetarian restaurant in Cologne; emigrated to GB 1933 and opened the Vega Restaurant in London 1934; interned in Hay Camp, Australia, 1940-1941

ContextDescription
Britain and the Refugee Crisis, 1933-1947

Duration
180

NumberOfParts
6

OtherFormats
Full : 69pp

MakerName
Fliess, Walter

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Photograph in

RelatedSoundFile
003936S01.mp3
Fleiss-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British
German

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4296

ProductionDate
1979-02-02

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Rischowski, Ira xxx
Cruickshank, Joanna
Specht, Minna
Kaldegg, Anne

IndexPlaces
GB, England
DE
CS

IndexUnits
GB.O & Internment Camp, Isle of Man, Rushen

IndexConcepts
Refugee
Anti-semitism
Holocaust
Internee

ShortSummary
German civilian engineer emigrated to Czechoslovakia, 1935 and GB, 1936; interned on Rushen Camp, Isle of Man, 1940-1941

FullSummary
REEL 1: Background in Germany, 1899-1935: family; religious upbringing as Jew and baptism into Christina faith; education and training as engineer; attitude to Jewish identity; political activities under Nazi regime; reason for emigration to Czechoslovakia, 1935; story of emigration to GB, 1936. Aspects of period in GB, 1936-1940: daily life and employment as domestic help in Burwash, Sussex; question of learning English.
REEL 2 Continues: further comments on period in Burwash; moved to London and employment as domestic help; obtained employment as engineer in ex-husband’s firm, 1939; story of two daughters coming to GB, 1938; importance of contacts with Women’s Engineering Society; attitude to British officials and relations with British people; story of attending tribunal and reason for concealing political activities in Germany, 1940.
REEL 3 Continues: further comments on tribunal; story of arrest, 1940; taken to East End police station and transferred to collecting station in Fulham; moved to sports stadium in Liverpool and opinion of living conditions; description of voyage to Isle of Man. Recollections of period in Rushen Camp, Isle of Man, 1940-1941: description of camp; attitude of landladies to internees; story of meeting camp commandant Dame Joanna Cruickshank; description of Golf Links Hotel; accommodation and sleeping arrangements; heating and lighting; privacy; hygiene; methods of earning money.
REEL 4 Continues: opinion of food; censorship of mail; comparison of living conditions in Golf Links Hotel with other billets; story of circulating questionnaire among internees about conditions in Hotel and reaction of commandant; organisation of camp; monthly meetings between internees and camp authorities; relations with camp supervisors; story of requesting information about relatives of internees; restrictions on movement; shopping facilities; attitude of shopkeepers to internees; air raids; laundry and hairdressing facilities; medical care; legal affairs.
REEL 5 Continues: description of Rushen Camp Service Exchange and use of token money; services and products available through Exchange; use of Collinson’s café as craft and cultural centre for internees; further comments on Service Exchange facilities and role in camp life; requirement for internees to assist with general hotel duties; gardening facilities.
REEL 6 Continues: varies backgrounds of internees and formation of groups including Nazis, Orthodox Jews and Minna Specht and her disciples; story of formation of German (Nazi) House; opinion of Nazi sympathisers; relations between various groups; question of internees adapting to situation; story of formation of Further Education Institution; description of internees involvement with Marine Biological Station; story of role in formation of choir and concerts.
REEL 7 Continues: memories of Methodist minister and interdenominational musical evenings; question of contact with male internees; story of contacting relatives on Isle of Man; adult education facilities; camp library; story of former concentration camp inmate working as librarian; children’s education; attitude of camp authorities to school; problem of emotionally disturbed children in camp; opinion of educational standards in school.
REEL 8 Continues: awareness of progress of war; attitude to deportation of some internees to Australia and Canada; official visits; communication with family in GB and Germany; story of writing campaign organised by Dr Kaldegg; story of visit by daughters, 1941; relations between male and female internees and establishment of family camp; reaction to provision by Home Office of paid work for internees; story of suicide; friendships in camp; story of appearance before second tribunal and reaction to verdict.
REEL 9 Continues: further comments on tribunal and opinion of judge; question of some internees believing they had been denounced; story of establishment of Labour Exchange for internees prior to release; attitude to release procedure; problem of readjustment on release and obtaining employment as female engineer; opinion of policy of internment. Reflections on period of internment.

ContextDescription
Civilian Life and War Work: Internees

Duration
252

NumberOfParts
9

OtherFormats
Full : 74pp

MakerName
Rischowski, Ira

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Female

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Photo in transcript

RelatedSoundFile
004296S01.mp3
Rischowski-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
11 March 2009

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British
German

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4298

ProductionDate
1979-02-09

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Frankenschwerth, Kurt xxx
Rathbone, Eleanor

IndexPlaces
GB, England
GB, England & Liverpool
DE

IndexUnits
GB.O & internment camp & Huyton, Liverpool

IndexConcepts
Anti semitism
Artist
Holocaust
Internee
Refugee

ShortSummary
German Jewish civilian artist and industrial designer emigrated to GB, 1937; interned for nine weeks in Huyton Camp, Liverpool, 1940

FullSummary
REEL 1: Background in Germany, 1901-1937: oppressive atmosphere in Nazi Germany; question of having Aryan-sounding name and being able to continue working as designer; reason for emigration to GB, 1937; story of future wife’s problem with passport; journey to GB. Aspects of period in GB, 1937-1940: description of accommodation and living conditions in London; attitude to British expectation of war with Germany; morale in GB during war; story of attending tribunal and being classed an enemy alien; reaction to being arrested and put in police cell; transferred to internment camp at Huyton, Liverpool, 1940. Aspects of period in Huyton Camp, Liverpool, GB, 1940: description of camp and opinion of food.
REEL 2 Continues: further comments on food; opinion of ability of camp commandant; facilities in camp; attitude to being interned; reason for growing beard; artistic activities in camp using available resources; camp educational facilities and library; domestic and cooking facilities; question of organising daily routine in camp; description of duties as housefather; story of internee from France; further comments on role as housefather.
REEL 3 Continues: relations with guards; social background of internees and formation of social groups; writing letters; opinion of behaviour of ’A’ category internees; attitude to British victory in war; languages used in camp; English classes; attitude of camp authorities towards internees; recreational and sporting activities; censorship of letters; story of sending secret messages to wife; preparation of escape plan in event of German invasion.
REEL 4 Continues: story of designing ampule sealing machine and question of release; description of drawing about release; effect of internment in artistic activities; choice of language in writing; attitude to danger; attitude of internees to internment; story of preventing separation of father and son; morale among internees; awareness of progress of war; question of adapting to life as internee and effect of internment on self-development.
REEL 5 Continues: further comments on guards; organisation of camp; story of visit to camp by MP Eleanor Rathbone and effect on morale; attitude to deportation; reason for not volunteering for Pioneer Corps; attitude to being at war with native country; comparison of British and German culture; story of being released after nine weeks of internment. Aspects of period in GB, 1940-1945: daily life and employment; accommodation; opinion of British character during war; various memories of childhood in Germany during First World War, 1914-1918. Reflections on period of internment in Huyton Camp.

ContextDescription
Britain and the Refugee Crisis, 1933-1947
Artists in an Age of Conflict
Civilian Life and War Work: Internees

Duration
140

NumberOfParts
5

OtherFormats
None

MakerName
Frankenschwerth, Kurt

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
004298S01.mp3
Frankenswerth-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
18 March 2009

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British
German

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4420

ProductionDate
18/May/1979

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Kraus, Gerhard xxx
Marshall, Catherine

IndexPlaces
GB, England
CS
BE

IndexUnits
GB.O & Internment Camp, Isle of Man, Onchan

IndexConcepts
Refugee
Internee
Anti-semitism
Holocaust

ShortSummary
Sudeten Czech civilian emigrated to Belgium, 1939 and to GB, 5/1940; interned in Onchan camp, Isle of Man 1940 and served with Home Guard in Lake District, c1941-1944

ContextDescription
Britain and the Refugee Crisis, 1933-1947

Duration
180

NumberOfParts
6

OtherFormats
Full : 71pp

MakerName
Kraus, Gerhard

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
Kraus-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British
Czechoslovakian

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4653

ProductionDate
8/Jul/1980

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Grindley, Marjorie B xxx

IndexPlaces
HK
HK & Stanley

IndexUnits
GB.O & Auxiliary Nursing Service
JP.O & Internment camp, Stanley
HK.O & Hospital, Queen Mary
HK.O & Hospital, Tweed Bay

IndexConcepts
Internee

ShortSummary
British civilian internee in Stanley Camp, Hong Kong, 1941-1945

FullSummary
REEL 1 Aspects of family and educational background. Recollections of life in Hong Kong, from 1936: attitude towards going to Hong Kong with family; living conditions; social life; multi-racial nature of area; attitude towards life in Hong Kong; reaction to outbreak of war, 9/1939; preparations for war; call up; joining Auxiliary Nursing Service, 1941; training at Queen Mary Hospital; duties; husband's involvement in defence of Hong Kong; Japanese invasion of Hong Kong; bombing of Stanley; news of fighting in Stanley Port area; first sight of Japanese troops; description of Tweed Bay hospital, Stanley.
REEL 2 Continues: lack of equipment and supplies; arrival of casualties at hospital; problems disposing of dead bodies; hospital at Stanley jail; medical problems of internees; treatment for dysentery and beri beri; accommodation. Recollections of internment by Japanese, Stanley Camp, 1941-: being move to Stanley Jail by Japanese; accommodation in cells;' possessions taken into jail; move to Indian married quarters; living conditions; lack of food; move to quarters in clubhouse; repatriation of Americans; description of Stanley Camp area.
REEL 3 Continues: organisation of camp; selling possessions to departing Americans; living conditions in club house; organisation of camp; role of block representative; relations between internees; selling valuables to obtain currency; daily routine; lack of clothing; making clothing out of sacking etc; food rations; methods of supplementing food rations; organisation of cooking.
REEL 4 Continues: water supply; obtaining Japanese currency from outside camp; attitude towards 'business' operations of Mr Blumenthal? in camp; system of barter lack of news of war; contrast in attitudes of men and women towards internment; morale; entertainment; activities to allay boredom; education; security surrounding camp; question of discipline; attitude of Japanese towards internees.
REEL 5 Continues: relationship between Japanese guards and Hong Kong police; obtaining extra rations; lack of activity; discovery of radio in camp and punishment of those responsible; lack of communication with family outside camp; news of dropping of atomic bombs on Japan, 8/1945; abandoning of camp by Japanese; evacuation from Hong Kong; attitude towards period of internment.

ContextDescription
Enemy Internment of British Civilians, 1939-1945

Duration
140

NumberOfParts
5

OtherFormats
None

MakerName
Grindley, Marjorie Betsy

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Female

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
Grindley-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4666

ProductionDate
17/Jun/1980

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Gridley, Arnold H xxx

IndexPlaces
MY

IndexUnits
GB.O & Colonial Service

IndexConcepts
Internee

ShortSummary
British civilian in Colonial Service in Malaya, 1942, interned in Changi Gaol, Singapore, 1942-1945

ContextDescription
Enemy Internment Of British Civilians, 1939-1945

Duration
180

NumberOfParts
6

OtherFormats
None

MakerName
Gridley, Arnold Hudson

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
Gridley-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
4784

ProductionDate
9/Nov/1980

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Sandbach, Joseph E xxx
Sandbach, Ernest xxx

IndexPlaces
HK

IndexUnits
GB.O & Methodist Church
JP.O & POW camp & Stanley, Hong Kong

IndexConcepts
Internee
Religious personnel

ShortSummary
British civilian Methodist superintendent and chaplain to the services in Hong Kong, 1936-1942; interned in Stanley Camp, 1942-1945

ContextDescription
Enemy Internment Of British Civilians, 1939-1945

Duration
230

NumberOfParts
8

OtherFormats
Full : 94pp

MakerName
Sandbach, Joseph Ernest

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedSoundFile
Sandbach-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Sound

IDNO
22682

ProductionDate
7/Mar/2002

ObjectType
IWM interview

IndexPeople
Ambrose, Kenneth xxx
Abrahamson, Kurt xxx

IndexPlaces
DE
DE & Stettin
DE & Cologne
DE & Hanover
GB, England
GB, England & Taunton
GB, England & Cromer, Norfolk
GB, England & London
AU
AU & Sydney
AU & Hay
FR
FR & Paris
ZA

IndexUnits
GB.O & School, Kings College, Taunton
GB.O & Internment Camp, Lingfield Race Course
GB.O & Hay Camp, Australia
GB.O & Merchant Navy & Ship, Dunera
GB.F & British Bombing Research Mission
GB.F & British Bombing Survey
GB.O & The Hyphen

IndexConcepts
Holocaust
Anti semitism
Internee

ShortSummary
German civilian schoolchild living in Stettin, Germany, 1930s. Moved to GB, 1936. Interned at Lingfield Race Course in GB, 1940, transported to Australia on board Dunera and interned at Hay Camp, 1940-1941. Served with RAF and British Bombing Survey in GB and North West Europe, 1942-1947

FullSummary
REEL 1 Recollections of life in Germany, 1930s: family background; lifestyle for Jewish family pre-1933; Nazi election victory, 1933; anti-semitism at school; Jewish boycott; increasing anti-semitism in newspapers; Nazi sympathies of headmaster; parents attitude towards situation in Germany; story of HMS Leander's visit to Stettin, 1935; taking part in student exchange with English boy, 1935. Recollections of life in GB and Stettin, Germany, 1936-1940: obtaining place at Kings College, Taunton; status as Jewish refugee.
REEL 2 Continues: arrival of other Jewish refugees; financial situation; holiday at Cromer Refugee camp, Easter, 1936; visits to Stettin, 1936 & 1937; situation for family in Germany, 1937; father's status as winner of Iron Cross during First World War; rumours of concentration camps; impact of Kristallnacht on family; concern for family in Germany; assistance from St John's Wood Synagogue and Jewish Refugee Committee and Jewish and Gentile friends; story of how his employer, A Goldrei and Co, guaranteed his sister, Ilse; obtaining guarantors for parents; father's period in concentration camp, 9-29/11/1938. REEL 3 Continues: concerns for rest of family; arrival of parents, 1939; financial situation and aid from guarantors; outbreak of war, 9/1939; contacts with other refugees in London; attending Tribunal, 30/9/1939 and classification as class C 'Friendly Enemy Alien'; change in situation for refugees after Dunkirk, summer 1940; arrest of him and his father. Recollections of period of Internment, GB: treatment by Army in contrast to Police; journey to Lingfield Race Course; life at Lingfield; move of father to Huyton Internment Camp on Isle of Man; journey to Liverpool Docks. Recollections of journey to Australia aboard Dunera, 1940: living conditions on board; treatment of refugees by troops; sanitation; reaction to seasickness of other passengers; story of being hit by torpedo that didn't explode; organisation of pass times by refugees.
REEL 4 Continues: attitude towards period on board Dunera; attitude towards internment. Recollections of internment in Hay Camp, Australia, 1940-1941: arrival in Sydney; arrival at Hay Camp; description of camp and accommodation; relationship with fellow internees; relationship with Australian guards; work with working parties; leisure activities; story of how pianist, Peter Stadlin, reluctantly played for fellow internees; obtaining news from outside camp; communicating with family; desire to fight the Nazis; petitions regarding the Dunera; story of how Eleanor Rathbone campaigned for internees in Parliament.
REEL 5 Continues: story of how he was released from Hay Camp, 1941; impressions of Captain Julian Layton; return journey to GB. Recollections of life in GB, 1941-1942: reaction to returning home; firewatching duties; voluntary work for Victor Gollanz's 'Let My People Go' scheme; reasons for joining RAF. Recollections of period with RAF and British Bombing Survey, 1942-1947: recruitment procedure; flying training in GB; changing name from Kurt Abrahamson to Kenneth Ambrose; reaction to changing name.
REEL 6 Continues: changing name; training in GB; posting to South Africa; arrival in South Africa; news of D-Day landings; training; failing bomber pilot tests; return to GB; posting to British Bombing Research Mission as Interpreter Technical, Paris, 1945; move to Cologne; role of BBRM; role as interpreter; move to Hanover; change of BBRM to British Bombing Survey; translating documents containing information on V2 rockets; helping to locate Jewish survivors and visiting DP camps; meeting survivors.
REEL 7 Continues: reaction to entering Germany as 'Victor'; absence of Nazis; helping Displaced Persons; question of looting; policy of non-fraternisation; helping Displaced Persons; Holocaust victims and survivors in his own family; VE-Day celebrations in Brussels; demobilisation. Recollections of life post-war: naturalisation; his family's experience in GB during war; giving talks to schools about his experiences; consideration of self as 'British' rather than a refugee; studies at LSE and obtaining degree; employment.
REEL 8 Continues: helping to set up refugee organisation 'The Hyphen'; involvement with refugee organisations; question of Jewish identity; attitude towards situation in Israel today.

ContextDescription
Nazi Europe, 1933-1945
Britain And The Refugee Crisis, 1933-1947

Duration
240

NumberOfParts
8

OtherFormats
None

MakerName
Ambrose, Kenneth

ProductionCompany
IWM

MakerGender
Male

Language
English

RelatedIWMItems
Photographs (1944 & 2002) in file

RelatedSoundFile
Ambrose-prisoners.mp3

Weighting
750
900

SubThemeTag
Internment

WebStatus
Published

UncatTransferDate
17 November 2006

URLEncodedDeptName
Sound

Access
IWM copyright

Nationality
German
British

DigitalAsset
Y

DeptName
Exhibits

IDNO
EPH 544

ItemName
necklace, hand-made

ObjectType
misc

IndexPeople
Rischkowski, I (Mrs)

IndexPlaces
UK, Isle of Man

FullSummary
Sea shell necklace made by Mrs. Ira Rischowski while interned in Rushen Camp, the Isle of Man, 1940-1941. These and other peices of handwork were sold by civilian internees to the public. Mrs. Rischowski was a German civilian engineer who emigrated to Czechoslovakia in 1935 and Britain in 1936. A recorded interview with Ira Rischowski is held in the Sound Archive.

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 11:14:35

URLEncodedDeptName
Exhibits

FormatDescription
string of sea-shells

Access
On display at IWM London

DeptName
Exhibits

IDNO
EPH 1379

ItemName
sign, from an internee hut at Sime Road Camp

ObjectType
misc

IndexPeople
Muller, O J (Mrs)

IndexPlaces
SG & <Sime Road Internment Camp>

FullSummary
The Japanese characters detail the inmates of Hut 10 in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore. It also lists the nationalities of the women living in the hut who included British, Dutch, Chinese and Polish.

RelatedIWMItems
DOCS

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 11:14:35

URLEncodedDeptName
Exhibits

FormatDescription
wooden sign bearing painted Japanese characters. The sign measures 33 cms by 22.5 cms

Access
On display at IWM Duxford

DeptName
Exhibits

IDNO
CUR 11921

ProductionDate
1943

ItemName
POW currency, 1 shilling, Great Britain

ObjectType
currency

IndexPlaces
Great Britain (Isle of Man)

IndexHistPeriod
Second World War

FullSummary
A one shilling paper currency note, printed by HMSO and dated 1943, for use within the civilian internee camps established during the Second World War on the Isle of Man.
Civilians of German, Austrian and (later) Italian extraction were interned in Britain during the war, together with other nationalities and individuals sympathetic to the Nazi cause. Most internees were kept on the Isle of Man, with camps established at different locations in Douglas and Onchan, and others in Ramsey, Peel, Port Erin and Port St Mary. Initially those interned included German refugees who had fled to Britain from the Nazis, including Jews, but gradually the internees were sifted and many released.

ProductionCompany
HMSO

RelatedImageFile
CUR_011921.jpg

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

UncatTransferDate
23/02/2009 05:51:12

URLEncodedDeptName
Exhibits

FormatDescription
civilian internment camp paper currency (137 x 82mm) , 1 shilling, Great Britain. The note has been folded in half, it appears worn and there is a little surface dirt.

Access
Access by prior appointment

IndexPlace
Isle of Man, UK
Peel, Isle of Man, UK

IndexEvent
Internment of Enemy Aliens 1939-1945, UK, Second World War

Theme
Prisoners of War, Europe 1939-1945
British Home Front 1939-1945

CoLStatus
Ready

DeptName
Film

IDNO
PME 82

ProductionDate
1974

ItemName
IRELAND BEHIND THE WIRE [Main]

IndexObjects
law and order, British - detention: internment, Northern Ireland
law and order, British - use of troops: Northern Ireland
politics, British - alternative: march, anti-internment
politics, British - alternative: sectarianism, Northern Ireland
society, Irish - domestic: 'Free Derry' commune
society, Irish - history: Ulster

IndexPlaces
GB, Northern Ireland & Belfast, Antrim

IndexUnits
GB.A

ShortSummary
A committed anti-British documentary shot in the underprivileged Catholic community of Ulster dealing with life behind the barricades and under internment.

FullSummary
This documentary was shot over a period of three years by a film collective who lived with Catholic families in Derry and Belfast. The overriding theme is that "England has been the one country to stand in the way of every Irishman, Protestant or Catholic, over the decades". There is film taken inside 'Free Derry' the commune created in August 1969 to protect Catholics from the RUC. The documentary stresses the economic deprivations of the community, including a very high unemployment rate. There is much footage from the streets of Derry in which the British Army is seen as a hated, foreign, occupying force. There is film of Army baton charges and arrests and various unsuccessful attempts at crowd dispersal. The second part of the film deals with the issue of internment, including accounts by those interned of how they were tortured and the response by their wives and families to internment. The film ends with a woman's anti-internment march in January 1972 and marches after Black Sunday.

ContextDescription
Documentation/associated material: for a statement by the Berwick Street Film Collective of their intentions in this film see 'the other cinema' catalogue.
Remarks: this is an important documentary in two senses. Firstly, it uses extraordinary footage of the British army on the streets of Derry. Secondly, it attempts to correct the British media "conspiracy of silence about the real events in Northern Ireland" (to use the film makers' phrase) by reporting from the Catholic point of view and so gives a voice to a rarely heard side of the problem.

Duration
115 mins

Format
P 1/16/A

Colour
B&W

Sound
comopt

NumberOfParts
4

Dimensions
4180 ft

ProductionCompany
Berwick Street Film Collective

ProductionCountry
GB

Language
English

LanguageMainTitles
English

LanguageSubtitles
None

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:20:43

URLEncodedDeptName
Film

Access
NON-IWM

DeptName
Film

IDNO
S15 10

ProductionDate
1942

ItemName
WARWORK NEWS NO 10 [Main]

ShortSummary
"The road to Tunis."

FullSummary
Extended coverage of the landings in North West Africa which concentrates on the perfect execution of this United Nations combined operation (carrier-based planes provide air-cover for invasion armada of British and American troopships escorted by RN, Dutch and other vessels) and ignores the political implications of the invasion (General Nogues and Admiral Michelier "arrive to sign surrender terms" in Casablanca; Darlan's help at Algiers "deemed expedient"). Troops relax at sea while FAA pilots study recconnaissance photographs of coastal area they are approaching. First landings are made by Americans "to test the temperature of the Vichy French"; the latter reply with night air attacks before agreeing to be confined to barracks. British back up American landing on beaches near Algiers ("which in effect lay under German control"); capture of Maison Blanche airfield with He III bomber, commercial aircraft and French Potez 63/13 as well as First War Renault FT 37mm tanks. Allies sign armistice with Nogues in Algiers where Italian nationals are rounded up for internment.

Duration
13 mins

Format
P 1/35/N

Colour
B&W

Sound
comopt

NumberOfParts
1

Dimensions
1166 ft

ProductionSponsor
Ministry of Supply

ProductionCompany
British Paramount News

Language
English

LanguageMainTitles
English

LanguageSubtitles
None

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:20:43

URLEncodedDeptName
Film

Access
IWM

DeptName
Film

IDNO
USA 5

ProductionDate
1944

ItemName
a CHALLENGE TO DEMOCRACY [Main]

IndexObjects
society, United States, precautionary: internment of Japanese-American, WW2
prisoners of war, Japanese - custody: internment of Japanese-American, WW2

IndexPlaces
USA

ShortSummary
Official US Film about the relocation of Japanese citizens to inland camps.

FullSummary
The film begins by showing the relocation centres in the American mid-West, guarded by MPs. Unlike the characteristic official US film the commentary is unusually frank and 'realistic' in portraying the harsh conditions in the centres and the sacrifices made by the Japanese-Americans. The film chronicles the self-sufficient community life of the relocation centres, their education, agricultural activity, recreation, health, administration and judiciary, etc. The commentary admits that "in the really important things relocation centres are not normal and probably never can be". The main aim was permanently to relocate the Japanese population in respectable, sober, inland occupations and the film ends with a set of case studies of successfully relocated Japanese-Americans.

ContextDescription
Technical: a very poorly graded print.
Remarks: this is a very unusual film for an official US effort. It is in marked contrast to the self-praise of Milton Eisenhower in JAPANESE RELOCATION. As that film was withdrawn possibly this is a more honest remake.

Duration
21 mins

Format
P 1/16/A

Colour
Colour

Sound
comopt

NumberOfParts
1

Dimensions
759 ft

ProductionSponsor
War Relocation Authority

ProductionCompany
War Relocation Authority
Office of War Information (with the cooperation of)
Office of Strategic Services (with the cooperation of)

ProductionTeam
Mace, Charles: photography
Parker, Tom: photography

ProductionCast
Baker, John: narration

ProductionCountry
USA

Language
English

LanguageMainTitles
English

LanguageSubtitles
None

Weighting
1

SubThemeTag
Internment

UncatTransferDate
30/06/2006 09:20:43

URLEncodedDeptName
Film

Access
IWM